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# WHAT FACTORS SHOULD BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT WHEN PURCHASING A PLASMA CUTTING SYSTEM?

Plasma cutting equipment is an investment that should be made in the vast majority of shops and companies…

# HOW IMPORTANT ARE GLOVES FOR THE WELDER?

Hands are one of the most important parts of the human body; they belong to one of the…

# WHAT METHODS EXIST FOR CALCULATING PREHEAT IN A WELDED JOINT? There are several methods for calculating preheat temperature in welded joints. The most widely used are described below: — ## 1. METHOD BASED ON CARBON EQUIVALENT (CE) This is the most common method. It evaluates the hardenability of steel through empirical formulas. ### IIW Formula (International Institute of Welding): $$CE = C + frac{Mn}{6} + frac{Cr+Mo+V}{5} + frac{Ni+Cu}{15}$$ ### Ito-Bessyo Formula (Pcm – Cold Cracking Parameter): $$P_{cm} = C + frac{Si}{30} + frac{Mn+Cu+Cr}{20} + frac{Ni}{60} + frac{Mo}{15} + frac{V}{10} + 5B$$ — ## 2. AWS D1.1 METHOD The Structural Welding Code

One factor that controls the microstructure of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and the weld metal is the cooling…

WHAT TYPE OF ALLOY IS KNOWN AS HASTELLOY?

The registered name Hastelloy derives from the company name Haynes Stellite Alloys, which in 1920 developed the nickel…

WHAT IS THE HARDNESS TEST USED FOR?

Technical definition of Hardness: “The greater or lesser resistance that a body opposes to being scratched or penetrated…